Basilica of St. Francis

The construction work on the Basilica of St. Francis began in 1228, just two years after the Saint’s death.
At that time, the site was known at the time as "Hell’s Hill" because it was here that criminals were executed, but it was then renamed "Paradise Hill", for the
mortal remains of St. Francis would be safeguarded there throughout the centuries.

There is no accurate information as to who the architect was, but it generally thought that the basilica was probably designed by the Minister General of the Order,

Brother Elias Bombarone.
The renowned and strong-willed energy that was Brother Elias’ driving force, the enthusiasm of the workers and the active participation of the people of Assisi,
made it possible to complete the Lower Basilica in just two years.
On May 25, 1230, the Saint’s body was transferred here from its temporary burial site in the Church of St. George.
It is amazing for us to think about how fast the work was completed, since it is doubtful that it could be done that quickly today, despite the highly advanced
technical equipment we have available.
The pinkish-white stone from Mount Subasio that was used to build the church creates a unique chromatic effect which has an exceptional artistic value.
The church has a double-T layout (just like the "Tau" so beloved by St. Francis because it symbolized the cross).

The pictorial cycles

The basilica holds a real treasure, which is represented by innumerable works of art that have been done in the two churches by world-famous painters.

Cimabue worked here starting in 1277. His paintings can be seen in the apse and the vault, as well as in other parts of the Upper Basilica. There is also a lovely

Madonna with Child in the Lower Basilica.
Giotto did his work here the turn of the fourteenth century and he completed his 28 famous and beautiful tavolas in the Upper Basilica (based on St. Bonaventure’s
Major Life) and also painted other frescoes in the Lower Basilica (Magdalen Chapel).
Between 1318 and 1339, Simone Martini frescoed the Chapel of St. Martin and the right-hand side of the transept of the Lower Church.
Pietro Lorenzetti also left his mark here during the first half of the fourteenth century, frescoing the left side of the transept of the Lower Church.
These masters were naturally assisted by their followers in completing these works.
Other lesser-known artists also worked during various eras to embellish the church.